Wadanda suke son shan taba sigari dole ne su saba da marufin cellophane na farko. Sai dai sigari na Cuban kafin 1992, waɗanda ba su da takardan fakiti, yawancin sigari a yau an tattara su cikin kayan marufi na gaskiya. Amma menene ainihin cellophane kuma me yasa ya shahara sosai?
A cikin 1910, masanin kimiyar Switzerland Jacques Brandenberger ya fara aikin cellophane wanda ya cika ka'idojin amincin abinci kuma ya sami babban suna a masana'antar hada kayan alawa da taba. An haifi fakitin sigari na farko a Tampa, Florida a cikin 1927, kuma wasu ƙasashe sun bi sahun sauri. A Cuba, har zuwa shekarun 1990, yawancin kayan dakon sigari a can an yi su ne da cellophane. Rushewar cellophane a yau ya kasance saboda ƙananan farashin samar da kayayyaki da kuma samar da kayan haɗin gwiwar da aka yi daga man ma'adinai, amma kula da ingancinsa shine zabi na farko na sigari.
Takarda mai ƙyalli mai tsananin zafin jiki ya zama sabon ƙarni na kayan abinci na kayan abinci, yana haifar da guguwar “takarda mai glazed” dafa abinci a cikin masana'antar abinci ta Turai! Takardar glazed gaba ɗaya mai haske tana iya ganin canje-canje a cikin tsarin dafa abinci kai tsaye, ba da damar mai dafa abinci don daidaita lokaci da zafin jiki a daidai lokacin, kiyaye abinci mai gina jiki da ɗanɗanon abinci, yayin da kuma samar da masu cin abinci tare da gogewar gani mai daɗi!
Tafasa takarda mai kyalli a babban zafin jiki! Mai dafa abinci yana amfani da takardar dafa abinci na Carta Fata na Italiyanci wanda zai iya jure yanayin zafi na 230 ° C kuma ana iya dafa shi ta hanyoyi daban-daban. An nannade sabbin kayan abinci irin su lobster da kaguwa a ciki don dafa abinci mai kyau, tare da kiyaye sabo da abinci mai gina jiki. Wannan sabuwar hanyar dafa abinci ce wacce ba za a rasa ba.
Cellophane, wanda kuma aka sani da fim ɗin cellophane, fim ne na bakin ciki da aka yi ta hanyar mannewa ta hanyar amfani da zaruruwan yanayi kamar ɓangaren auduga da ɓangaren litattafan almara na itace azaman albarkatun ƙasa. Yana da bayyane, mara guba, kuma mara wari.
Sarkar kwayoyin halitta yana da ban mamaki micro permeability, wanda ya ba da damar samfurin don numfashi kamar kwai ta hanyar micropores a kan kwai, wanda yake da amfani sosai don adanawa da aiki na samfurin; Ƙarfin juriya ga mai, alkaline, da kaushi na kwayoyin halitta; Ba ya samar da wutar lantarki a tsaye kuma baya sha ƙura; Anyi shi daga filaye na halitta, yana iya sha ruwa a cikin datti kuma ya lalace ba tare da haifar da gurɓatar muhalli ba. An yi amfani da shi sosai azaman takarda mai rufi don kaya da takarda marufi na ado. Bayyanar sa yana sa cikin samfurin a bayyane a kallo, kuma yana da kaddarorin kamar juriyar danshi, rashin ƙarfi, numfashi, da rufewar zafi, yana ba da kariya mai kyau ga samfurin. Idan aka kwatanta da fim ɗin filastik na yau da kullun, yana da fa'idodi kamar rashin wutar lantarki, rigakafin ƙura, da kyakkyawan aiki na karkatarwa. Takardar gilashi na iya zama fari, mai launi, da dai sauransu. Ana iya amfani da ita azaman ƙwayar da ba za ta iya jurewa ba.
Cellophane yana sake haifar da cellulose, kuma akwai ban mamaki na numfashi tsakanin ƙungiyoyin kwayoyin halitta, wanda ke da amfani sosai don adana kaya. Ba ya jure wuta amma yana jure zafi, kuma yana iya jure yanayin zafi na 190 ℃ ba tare da nakasa ba. Ana iya amfani da shi a cikin marufi na abinci don lalata yanayin zafi mai zafi tare da abinci. Bugu da ƙari, kamar yadda kayan albarkatun cellophane ya fito daga yanayi, yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi
Har ila yau aka sani da cellulite. Fim ɗin cellulose da aka sabunta tare da nuna gaskiya da haske. Akwai lebur takarda da yanar gizo takarda. Yawan 30-60g/㎡. Mara launi, kuma ana iya rina shi zuwa launuka daban-daban. Takarda tana da laushi, bayyananne kuma santsi, ba tare da huɗa ba, mai numfashi, mai da ruwa. Matsakaicin taurin kai. Yana da kyakkyawan ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, kyalli, da iya bugawa. Hanyar samarwa ta bambanta da yin takarda kuma kama da tsarin siliki na wucin gadi. dauko α- Narkar da ɓangaren litattafan almara na sinadarai ko auduga narkar da ɓangaren litattafan almara tare da babban abun ciki na cellulose ana amfani dashi azaman albarkatun ƙasa don shirya cellulose na alkaline ta hanyar alkalization (18% sodium hydroxide), latsawa, murƙushewa, da sauran matakai. Bayan tsufa, ana ƙara carbon disulfide zuwa yellowed cellulose xanthate, wanda aka narkar da a cikin sodium hydroxide bayani don samar da orange cellulose m. Ana yin manne da balagagge a zafin jiki na 20-30 ℃, ana tacewa don cire datti da kumfa, sannan a fitar da shi ta wata kunkuntar rata a cikin injin jawo fim. Yana gudana a cikin wani coagulation wanka na sulfuric acid da sodium sulfate cakuda don samar da wani bakin ciki fim (sake sabunta cellulose film), wanda sai a wanke, desulfurized, bleached, desalinated, da kuma plasticized (glycerol da ethylene glycol, da dai sauransu), kuma a karshe bushe bushe. don samarwa. Ana amfani da shi don ɗaukar kaya irin su magunguna, abinci, sigari, kayan sakawa, kayan kwalliya, kayan aiki na gaskiya, da sauransu.
Canji a cikin tashin hankali na takarda gilashi yana rinjayar elongation na fim din yayin aikin bugawa. A cikin iyakar ƙarfin da aka ba da izini, haɓakawa yana ƙaruwa tare da haɓakar tashin hankali, wanda ya sa ya zama da wuya a cimma daidaitattun bugu na launi. Za a iya daidaita tashin hankali bisa nau'in nau'in kayan abu da kuma elongation. Alal misali, idan elongation na PE fim ne in mun gwada da girma, da tashin hankali darajar ya zama karami; Don takarda, PET, OPP, da sauran fina-finai na filastik tare da ƙarancin faɗaɗawa, ana iya ƙara tashin hankali yadda ya kamata. Fuskar tana da santsi kuma ba ta da pores, kuma tawada ba ta da sauƙi a gyara ko ba ta da ƙarfi. Bayan an kammala bugu na farko na launi, yana da sauƙi a makale ta tawada daga rufin launi na gaba, haifar da alamu da rubutu marasa cikakke, yana haifar da lahani;
Bayan an haɗa abubuwa da shi, zai iya hana tsatsa, damshi, da ƙazanta. Amma cellophane kuma yana da nakasuwa: babban ƙarfin tsayin daka, ƙarancin juzu'i, ƙarancin tsagewa, har ma da ɗan tsagewa na iya karyewa cikin sauƙi. Har ila yau, takardar gilashi tana da hydrophilicity, don haka zai iya sha ruwa. Lokacin da yazo da ruwa, sau da yawa yana mannewa, kuma idan yazo da zafi, ana iya haɗa shafukan takarda cikin sauƙi. Siffofin cellophane sune babban nuna gaskiya, mai ƙarfi mai haske, kuma musamman launi mai haske bayan buga hotuna da rubutu, waɗanda ba za a iya samun su ta hanyar fina-finai na filastik ba; Kyakkyawan daidaitawar bugu, ba tare da wani magani ba kafin bugu, kuma takardar gilashi kuma tana da aikin jiyya na anti-static, wanda ba shi da sauƙi don ɗaukar ƙura da guje wa kurakuran bugu kamar hoto da rubutu. Duk da haka, juriya na danshi ba shi da kyau, kuma fim din yana da wuyar lalacewa saboda yanayin zafi da zafi, wanda ke haifar da rijistar hotuna da rubutu mai wahala a lokacin bugawa.
An haifi cakulan murabba'in murabba'i ɗaya tilo a duniya a hukumance. Clara Ritter ya ba da shawarar samar da nau'in cakulan da za a iya sakawa a cikin jaket na wasanni ba tare da rage nauyi ba. Wannan shawara ta sami karbuwa da sauri daga dangi. Ana kiran wannan nau'in cakulan "Rhett's Chocolate Chocolate" saboda ya dace sosai a cikin kayan wasanni na maza.
A cikin 1939, tashin hankali a Waldenburg.
A lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, yawan samar da cakulan ya ragu a hankali kuma a ƙarshe ya daina samarwa a cikin 1940.
A 1946, sun dawo!
Masana'antar cakulan Alfred Ritter ta ci gaba da samar da alewa iri-iri marasa koko.
A cikin 1960, cinye ƙananan murabba'ai na Jamus ta Kudu.
Alfred Otto Ritter ya yanke shawarar mayar da hankali kan kasuwancin kamfanin a kan cubes cakulan. Wasu samfura da yawa kamar alewar biki, dogayen cakulan cakulan, da cakulan halaye marasa fa'ida an daina su a hankali. Kuma nasarar kafa alamar Ritter Sport. A wancan lokacin, an nannade sabon cakulan cakulan a cikin takarda cellophane mai launin cakulan, tare da alamar Ritter Sport sosai a kanta.
A cikin 1970, an baje ƙananan lu'u-lu'u a cikin Jamus.
Wannan shekara yana da mahimmanci ga wannan kasuwancin iyali, saboda ya zama sananne ga dukan jama'ar Jamus. Wasannin Ritter yana kawo cakulan ɗanɗanon yoghurt wanda ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba - cakulan na farko a Jamus wanda ya ƙunshi yogurt. Haka kuma, tallace-tallacen talabijin da suka yaɗu a cikin ƙasar, su ma ba a taɓa yin irin su ba a Jamus a wancan lokacin. Wannan tallace-tallace na zamani, mai daɗi, kuma na musamman, tare da ƙarar taken 'Cikakken cakulan murabba'i', yana jaddada fifikon Ritter Sport.
1) Cellophane
Cellophane fim ne mai bayyana gaskiya kuma mai sheki wanda aka sabunta shi, wanda a da ake kira cellophane, wanda shine fassarar littafin cellophane na Ingilishi. Wani nau'i ne na takarda da ake amfani da shi don tattara kaya, wanda ke cikin nau'in takarda. Lura cewa akwai kuma kalmar da ake kira celluloid, wanda ba takarda ba ne, amma filastik nitrocellulose (danyen kayan wasan kwallon tebur). Celluloid shine fassarar turanci na celluloid. Kar ku dame su biyun.
Yawan cellophane yawanci shine 30-60g/m2. Akwai nau'ikan takarda guda biyu: takarda mai laushi da takarda yanar gizo. Yawanci takardar da ba ta da launi, bayyananne, kuma santsi na bakin ciki, ba tare da huɗa ba, ba mai numfashi ba, ba mai yuwuwa ba, kuma ba ruwa ba; Samun wani mataki na taurin kai; Yana da kyakkyawan ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, kyalli, da iya bugawa. Hakanan ana iya rina shi zuwa launuka daban-daban (ja, rawaya, da sauransu).
Cellophane yana sake haifar da cellulose, kuma rata tsakanin ƙungiyoyin kwayoyin halitta suna da ban mamaki na numfashi, wanda ke da amfani ga kariya da adana kaya. Ba shi da juriya da wuta, amma yana jure zafi kuma yana iya jure yanayin zafi na 190 ℃ ba tare da nakasa ba. Ana iya amfani da shi a cikin marufi na abinci don lalata yanayin zafi mai zafi tare da abinci. Saboda asalinsa na halitta, cellophane yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da ƙarancin tasiri akan yanayin.
Gilashin takarda da aka yi amfani da shi α- Narkar da ɓangaren litattafan almara na itace ko auduga da aka narkar da ɓangaren litattafan almara tare da babban abun ciki na cellulose ana amfani da shi azaman albarkatun ƙasa, kuma an shirya alkali cellulose ta hanyar alkalization (18% sodium hydroxide), latsawa, murƙushewa, da sauran matakai. Bayan tsufa, ana ƙara carbon disulfide zuwa rawaya shi cikin cellulose xanthate, wanda aka narkar da shi a cikin maganin sodium hydroxide don samar da adhesive cellulose orange. Ana yin manne da balagagge a zafin jiki na 20-30 ℃, ana tacewa don cire datti da kumfa, sannan a fitar da shi ta wata kunkuntar rata a cikin injin jawo fim. Yana gudana a cikin wani coagulation wanka na sulfuric acid da sodium sulfate cakuda don samar da wani bakin ciki fim (sake sabunta cellulose film), wanda sai a wanke, desulfurized, bleached, desalinated, da kuma plasticized (glycerol da ethylene glycol, da dai sauransu), kuma a karshe bushe bushe. don samarwa.
2) Gilashin fiber takarda
Gilashin fiber takarda takarda ce ta masana'antu da aka fi amfani da ita azaman kayan tacewa, kayan shayar da sauti, kayan haɓakawa, kayan wutan lantarki, da sauransu. , da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau.
Irin wannan takarda tana da wasu bambance-bambance daga yin takarda na yau da kullun, saboda tana amfani da fiber gilashin 100% (wanda aka fi sani da silica, wanda ke da diamita na 0.3-0.5) μ Ana yin ta ne ta hanyar dukan tsiya da sauƙi, ƙara ɗanɗano, ko ƙara wasu ɓangaren itacen sinadari. a kan doguwar na'urar takarda ta yanar gizo ko na'ura mai da'ira. Hakanan zaka iya ƙara wasu silicone ko colloidal alumina don inganta ƙarfin takarda.
Tsarin samar da takarda fiber gilashi (ko gilashin fiber iska tace takarda) yana da sauƙi idan aka kwatanta da tsarin yin takarda na gaba ɗaya. Domin fiberglass ba ya buƙatar bugun, kawai yana buƙatar tarwatsa. Kuma babu buƙatar danna lokacin yin kwafi. Rage matakai da adana kuzari.
Tsarin tsari shine kamar haka: fiberglass → watsawa → slurry ajiya tank → slurry famfo → pre hadawa tank → hadawa akwatin → grit tire → slurry flushing tank → slurry famfo → stabilizing akwatin → kwarara akwatin → raga sashi → bushewa dakin → nada → slitting da marufi
Cellophane fim is EN13432 industry compostable and OK home compostable , feel free to discuss via williamchan@yitolibrary.com
Fim ɗin Cellophane - HuiZhou YITO Packaging Co., Ltd.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-22-2023